I meet with many clients who come in and have an ILIT, (Irrevocable Life Insurance Trust), which was set up in the 1990s or 2000s as part of their estate plan. ILIT’s are typically used when a client is subject to Estate tax and wants to ensure the value of life insurance is not taxed in their estate. They were much more popular in the 90’s and early 2000’s when the estate tax limits were much lower. The question is, are they still needed?
A strong argument can be made that a vast majority of clients (99.8 percent) who have ILITs no longer need them because the estate tax levels have risen to a point where they only affect 2 out of 1,000 clients. So, what do we do with the old ILIT?
One strategy is to continue them and let them play out as intended. A second option is to dissolve the trust under state law, get the insurance policy and any cash value back to the grantor and have the grantor create a new irrevocable pure grantor trust that would ensure asset protection for the grantor but allow the grantor full control, as trustee, the ability to modify it as to any and all changes make other than making it available back to the grantor. The greatest benefit however is that it would allow the grantor to add other assets to the trust to benefit those intended now, during life rather than just after the grantor’s death.
There are two key steps to dissolve an irrevocable trust. First, to identify your state law for termination of an irrevocable trust, typically, by the consent of all the parties. Second, to identify under the state statutes who the beneficial interest would go to, that is back to the grantor, or to the beneficiaries. If there's a way to get it back to the grantor that yields the greatest result so the grantor's life insurance and other assets can be combined and utilized for the benefit of the grantor's beneficiaries during lifetime and after death with full complete asset protection and complete access and control by the beneficiaries. If your state statute requires the ILIT be distributed to the beneficiaries, then the key would be to identify the fewest number of beneficiaries and have them receive the benefits and create a "third party irrevocable pure grant trust" (otherwise known as a KIT™). Under this strategy the benefits could be used for the grantor and others, depending on the trust design. Typically, the ILIT beneficiaries create a trust for the benefit of a larger class of beneficiaries outside of themselves or limit what they are entitled to, to protect the trust corpus.
There are a lot of ILITs out there and obviously maintaining them is the "easier" thing to do. I question however, if they still serve the goal of the client. Terminating these trusts and creating new, more user friendly trusts may ultimately have a better impact on the client and the plan they are trying to accomplish, the key question are you up to speed on helping them to accomplish this effectively and efficiently?
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David J. Zumpano, Esq, CPA, Co-founder Lawyers With Purpose, Founder and Senior Partner of Estate Planning Law Center
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